Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a\r\ncritical analysis of the literature on the use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) as a nutritional supplement.\r\nThe ISSN has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced\r\nskeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. 2. If consuming HMB, an athlete will benefit from\r\nconsuming the supplement in close proximity to their workout. 3. HMB appears to be most effective when\r\nconsumed for 2 weeks prior to an exercise bout. 4. Thirty-eight mg�·kg�·BM-1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to\r\nenhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the\r\nappropriate exercise prescription is utilized. 5. Currently, two forms of HMB have been used: Calcium HMB (HMB-Ca)\r\nand a free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA). HMB-FA may increase plasma absorption and retention of HMB to a greater\r\nextent than HMB-CA. However, research with HMB-FA is in its infancy, and there is not enough research to support\r\nwhether one form is superior. 6. HMB has been demonstrated to increase LBM and functionality in elderly,\r\nsedentary populations. 7. HMB ingestion in conjunction with a structured exercise program may result in greater\r\ndeclines in fat mass (FM). 8. HMBâ��s mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and\r\nprotein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations
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